Las Ferreterias de Mexico Essay Example

Las Ferreterias de Mexico Essay Introduction To find out whether or not Mr. Gonzales should implement the new compensation plan, we will initiate with a valuation of the proposed bonus plan that he is considering. This evaluation will include an analysis of the key decisions and the persons responsible for making the decision as well as a discussion of the proposed plan. Upon this analysis we will conclude whether it is a good idea to implement it and state our suggestions for a modification of the plan. Valuation of the proposed bonus plan Included in the new bonus plan are the store managers (SM), the regional managers (RM), and the corporate staff managers (CM). Not included are the CEO (Mr. Gonzalez) and the COO; their bonuses would be decided by the compensation committee of the board of directors. Furthermore all other employees not included in the plan would continue as before with a bonus in the range of 2%-5% of base salary. Each of the company’s 82 stores is operated by a SM, who has a lot of autonomy. The 82 store are organized into 9 geographical regions. The RMs are responsible for providing oversight and advice to the SMs, whom had little formal education. On the top of these two manager levels are the CMs, who are responsible for a range of centralized functions including purchasing, human resources, marketing, real estate, and investor relations. The proposed bonus plan consists of 4 million pesos plus 8 percent of the corporate income before bonuses and taxes in excess of 120 million pesos. The total bonus pool will be divided between the managers as following: SMs – 70%, RMs – 15%, and CMs – 15%. We will write a custom essay sample on Las Ferreterias de Mexico specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Las Ferreterias de Mexico specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Las Ferreterias de Mexico specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This year, the bonus pool will amount to 8,498,400 million pesos (all calculations: cf. the calculations for the Whiz Kids questions on the last page), meaning that the bonus pool will be divided by the different manager levels as following: †¢Store Managers5,948,880. 00 million pesos †¢Regional Managers1,274,760. 00 million pesos †¢Corporate Staff Managers1,274,760. 00 million pesos The SMs’ bonus pool will be divided among the store managers based in their relative proportion of bonus units earned. The maximum number of bonus units are 6, with a lower cutoff level at 5% ROI and a upper cutoff level at 11% ROI. These cutoffs stipulate an acceptable minimum performance, while restricting superior performance. Denying bonuses for exceptionally good efforts can be justified by the fact that the performance results can be good luck. Moreover it, to a certain degree, ensures that the managers will not be myopic, which again ensures that the company will show a more steady performance improvement over time. Another reason for the upper cutoff level on the incentive payments might be a desire of not paying lower-level mangers more than upper level managers. In this case, a SM gets 72,547. 32 pesos in average, RMs get 141,640. 00 pesos, and CMs get 254,952. 00 pesos. A top-performing SM cannot earn more than 118,189. 68 pesos in bonus. This is less than the CM’s bonus, so in this case the upper cutoff definitely ensures that the lower-level managers cannot earn more than the upper-level managers. The bonus pools will be assigned to managers based on their entity’s ROI, given by following formula: ROI = (bonus eligible revenues – expenses) / total store investments. Using ROI as the central measurement of performance causes some problems: †¢Accounting profit does not reflect the total value of the company and is therefore not a completely fair method †¢Management myopia: a ROI-focus stimulate shortsightedness, and can undermine long-term focus, which may not be in the interest of the corporation †¢Suboptimization – it may not be in the interest of the enterprise that individual regions will focus solely on the success of themselves rather than on the overall success of the company †¢Regional differences in e. . investment prices, local expenses etc. All bonuses will be paid in cash as soon as financial statements have been prepared. Beside the problems of using ROI as the central measurement element we see following problems with the new incentive plan: †¢Not all people are motivated by cash payment. Furthermore, cash bonuses can generate durability issues, i. e. eople spent the money right away and quickly forget s the joy of having performed well †¢The reward is not timely, as it is not necessarily given upon successes, but when the financial statement has been prepared which in the end of the day may reduce the motivational effect †¢The geographical location also has an important role in determining the success of the different stores; some stores have more favorable locations than other, and therefore enjoy higher bonuses An issue is also whether or not all stores should have the same performance standards. On one hand, motivational incentives are highly individual, and preferences may vary greatly across the regions. Tailoring reward packages to the individual employee’s preferences will undoubtedly have the highest motivational effect, but will not keep the incentive system at the lowest possible cost. It is difficult to implement such a tailored plan due to the vast scope of the project: it will require a huge amount of analysis and date to map down differences. So even though the motivational effect might be higher for an individual tailored incentive program, a single strategy with common performance standards for all stores may be much easier and cost-efficient to implement. The new bonuses are greater than before, and should therefore stipulate improved operating efficiencies. Since ROI is the central element in calculating the bonuses, there is a risk of suboptimization, but since the bonus is partially determined through the corporate profit, the managers should also be concerned with the overall operating efficiency of the company. Ultimately an improvement within operating efficiency should lead to an increase in market shares. By tieing the rewards of the employees to the overall performance of the company, it would inevitably commit them – given that the employees have sufficient possibilities for influencing the results. In this case, the managers have a lot of responsibility and have many channels by which they can control and influence the results. Nevertheless, basing the bonuses partly on a group effort enforce cultural controls, as the employees are more alert of what their colleagues are doing, hence controlling whether they are working efficiently enough; â€Å"get to work; you’re hurting my profit sharing†. In this way, it makes good sense to base the bonuses on a proportion of corporate profit. Proposals for modification of the compensation plan The SMs have a lot of responsibility which is not corresponding to their level of education and their level of bonus. Compared to the RMs and CMs, who are better educated and have more experience, however, the bonus levels are fair. Thus it will be difficult to justify a higher bonus-level for the SMs, based on their current educational level. A possible solution will be to make a compulsory training program in finance and management. When the SMs have passed the courses, they will be qualified to receive a larger bonus. The training program will be an overall gain for the whole enterprise, since they will have more competent employees. So even though this extension does not make the incentive plan cheaper, it will be a gain for the company in the long run. Moreover, the further-training program will be personally satisfying for the managers. Another solution to what we see as the too-much responsibility-compared-to-bonus-problem, would be to enhance the upper cutoff level. Since Mr. Gonzales is concerned about the increased compensation expenses he should consider to lower the bonus pool and implement some non-monetary rewards, as they are often more motivating and durable. An example could be to recognize and communicate particular good performance throughout the company. An alternative idea to pay cash directly could be to reward the managers by some sort of stock option. This would further commit the managers to the company, and would probably be motivating since they have sufficient authority to influence the actual performance of the company. To find a solution for the personnel not included in the plan, i. e. store employees and regional sales and corporate purchasing staff, we suggest modifying the current discretionary bonus awards. Instead of Gonzales being responsible for giving these rewards, we suggest that this authority is delegated to the store managers and regional managers, respectively. These managers are in daily contact with the â€Å"neglected† employees, and it therefore seems more fair that they delegate the rewards. In this way the bonus system will be more motivating for the personnel. Whiz Kids Competition Number of managers% of bonus pool Store Managers:8270% Regional Managers:915% Corporate Managers:515% Bonus Pool 4. 000. 000+(8% of corporate income before taxes and bonuses in excess of 120000000) 4. 000. 000+(0,08*(176. 230. 000-120. 000. 000)) 8. 498. 400 The bonus pool is then divided between the different groups: Store Managers:70%*8. 498. 400= 5. 948. 880,00 Regional Managers:15%*8. 98. 400= 1. 274. 760,00 Corporate Managers:15%*8. 498. 400= 1. 274. 760,00 To find the average amount per manager we divide the pools by the number of managers in the specific group Store Managers:5. 948. 880/82= 72. 547,32 Regional Managers:1. 274. 760/9= 141. 640,00 Corporate Managers:1. 274. 760/5= 254. 952,00 The bonus pool for the top performing store managers : Total units in the bonus plan 6*1+9*2+11*3+20*4+15*5+8*6+4*6+3*6= 302,00 Average pay per unit:5. 948. 880/302= 19. 698,28 Store top performing managers (6 units)= 118,189,68

Heroin Addiction Essays

Heroin Addiction Essays Heroin Addiction Essay Heroin Addiction Essay Essay Topic: 8th Grade Harmonizing to The National Institute on Drug Abuse. diacetylmorphine is an illegal. extremely habit-forming drug. It is both the most abused and the most quickly moving of the opiates. Heroin is processed from morphia. a of course happening substance extracted from the seed cod of certain assortments of poppy workss. It is typically sold as a white or chocolate-brown pulverization or as the black gluey substance known on the streets as black pitch heroin . Although purer diacetylmorphine is going more common. most street diacetylmorphines iscut with other drugs or with substances such as sugar. amylum. powdered milk. or quinine. Street diacetylmorphines can besides be cut with strychnine or other toxicants. Because diacetylmorphine maltreaters do non cognize the existent strength of the drug or its true contents. they are at hazard of overdose or decease. Heroin besides poses particular jobs because of the transmittal of HIV and other diseases that can happen from sharing acerate leafs or other injection equipment. Harmonizing to the 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. which may really undervalue illicit opiate ( diacetylmorphine ) usage. an estimated 3. 7 million people had used diacetylmorphine at some clip in their lives. and over 119. 000 of them reported utilizing it within the month predating the study. An estimated 314. 000 Americans used diacetylmorphine in the past twelvemonth. and the group that represented the highest figure of those users were 26 or older. The study reported that. from 1995 through 2002. the one-year figure of new diacetylmorphine users ranged from 121. 000 to 164. 000. During this period. most new users were age 18 or older ( on norm. 75 per centum ) and most were male. In 2003. 57. 4 per centum of past twelvemonth diacetylmorphine users were classified with dependance on or maltreatment of diacetylmorphine. and an estimated 281. 000 individuals received intervention for diacetylmorphine maltreatment. Harmonizing to the supervising the Future study. NIDA’s countrywide one-year study of drug maltreatment among the Nation’s 8th. 10th. and 12th graders. diacetylmorphine usage remained stable from 2003-2004. Lifetime diacetylmorphine usage measured 1. 6 per centum among the 8th graders and 1. 5 per centum among 10th- and 12th graders. The 2002 Drug Abuse Warning Network ( DAWN ) . which collects informations on drug related hospital exigency section ( ED ) episodes from 21 metropolitan countries. reported that in 2002. diacetylmorphine -related ED episodes numbered 93. 519. NIDA’s Community Epidemiology Work Group ( CEWG ) . which provides information about the nature and forms of drug usage in 21 countries. eported in its December 2003 publication that diacetylmorphine was mentioned as the primary drug of maltreatment for big parts of drug maltreatment intervention admittances in Baltimore. Boston. Detroit. Los Angeles. Newark. New York. and San Francisco. How is heroin used? Heroin is normally injected. sniffed/snorted. or smoked. Typically. a heroin maltreater may shoot up to four times a twenty-four hours. Intravenous injection provides the greatest strength and most rapid oncoming of euphory ( 7 to 8 seconds ) . while intramuscular injection produces a comparatively slow oncoming of euphory ( 5 to 8 proceedingss ) . When diacetylmorphine is sniffed or smoked. peak effects are normally felt within 10 to 15 proceedingss. NIDA research workers have confirmed that all signifiers of heroin disposal are habit-forming. Injection seems to be the prevailing method of diacetylmorphine usage among addicted users seeking intervention ; in many CEWG countries. diacetylmorphine injection is reportedly on the rise. while heroin inspiration is worsening. However. certain groups. such as White suburbanites in the Denver country. study smoke or inhaling diacetylmorphine because they believe that these paths of disposal are less likely to take to dependence. With the displacement in heroin maltreatment forms comes an even more diverse group of users. In recent old ages. the handiness of higher pureness diacetylmorphine ( which is more suited for inspiration ) and the lessenings in monetary values reported in many countries have increased the entreaty of diacetylmorphine for new users who are loath to shoot. Heroin has besides been looking in more flush communites ( omega ) . Harmonizing to the NDIA the immediate effects of diacetylmorphine ( the short term ) . shortly after injection ( or inspiration ) . diacetylmorphine crosses the blood-brain barrier. In the encephalon. diacetylmorphine is converted to norphine and binds quickly to opioid receptors. Abusers typically report a experiencing a rush of enjoyable sensation-a rush . The strength of the haste is a map oof how much drug is taken and how quickly the drug enters the encephalon and binds to the natural opioid receptors. Heroin is peculiarly habit-forming because it enters the encephalon so quickly. With diacetylmorphine. the haste is normally accompanied by a warm flushing of the tegument. dry oral cavity. and a heavy feeling in the appendages. which may be accompanied by sickness. emesis. and terrible itcing. After the initial effects. maltreaters normally will be drowsy for several hours. Mental map is clouded by heroin’s consequence on the nervous system. Cardiac map slows. Breathing is besides badly slowed. sometimes to the point of decease. Heroin overdose is a peculiar hazard on the street. where the sum and pureness of the drug can non be known. The long term effects of diacetylmorphine usage and the most damaging is addiction itself. Addiction is a chronic. get worsing disease. characterized by compulsive drug seeking and usage. and by neurochemical and molecular alterations in the encephalon. Heroin besides produces profound grades of tolerance and physical dependance. which are besides actuating factors for compulsive usage and maltreatment. As with maltreaters of any habit-forming drug. diacetylmorphine maltreaters bit by bit spend more and more clip and energy obtaining and utilizing the drug. Once they are addicted. the diacetylmorphine abuser’s primary intent in life becomes seeking and utilizing drugs. The drugs literally change their encephalons and their behaviour. Physical dependance develops with higher doses of the drug. With physical dependance. the organic structure adapts to the presence of the drug and backdown symptoms occur if usage is reduced suddenly. Withdrawal may happen within a few hours after the last clip the drug is taken. Symptoms of backdown include restlessness. musculus and bone hurting. insomnia. diarrhoea. purging. cold flashes with goose bumps ( cold Meleagris gallopavo ) . and leg motions. Major backdown symptoms peak between 24 and 48 hours after the last dosage of diacetylmorphine and subside after about a hebdomad. However. some people have shown persistant backdown marks for many months. Heroin backdown is neer fatal to otherwise healthy grownups. but it can do decease to the foetus of a pregnant nut. At some point during uninterrupted diacetylmorphine usage. a peson can go addicted to the drug. Sometimes addicted persons will digest many of the backdown symptoms to cut down their tolerance for the drug so that they can once more see the haste. Physical dependance and the outgrowth of backdown symptoms were one time believed to be the cardinal characteristics of heroin dependence. We now know this non to be the instance wholly. since craving and backsliding can happen hebdomads and months after backdown symptoms are long gone. We besides know that patients with chronic hurting who need opiates to map ( sometimes over drawn-out periods ) have few if any jobs go forthing opiates after their hurting is resolved by other agencies. This may be because the patient in hurting is merely seeking alleviation of hurting and non the haste sought by the nut. The Medical effects of chronic diacetylmorphine injection usage include scarred and/or collapsed venas. bacterial infections of the blood vass and bosom valves. abscesses ( furuncles ) and other soft –tissue infections. and liver or kidney disease. Lung complications ( including assorted types of pneumonia and TB ) may ensue from the hapless wellness status of the maltreater every bit good as from heroin’s dejecting effects on respiration. Many of the additives in street diacetylmorphine may include substances that do non ready dissolve and consequence in choke offing the blood vass that lead to the lungs. liver. kidneys. or encephalon. This can do infection or even decease of little spots of cells in critical variety meats. Immune reactions to these or other contaminations can do arthritis or rheumatologic jobs. Ofcourse. sharing of injection equipment or fluids can take to some of the most terrible effects of heroin abuse-infections with hepatitis B and C. HIV. and a host of other blood-borne viruses. which drug maltreaters can so go through on to their sexual spouses and kids.

Marx, Weber and Durkheim Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marx, Weber and Durkheim - Essay Example From this research it is clear that  a profound reflection of some of the analytic conceptions and broad historical perspectives of Max Weber, it becomes lucid that he assimilated the conservative, liberal, and socialist elements to transform and integrate them into the complex pattern of his works. In fact, his cautionary critique against the apocalyptic social revolutionary predictions in Marx suggests that Weber opened himself to some of the influences from his opponents. Weber’s essential critique of Marx’s philosophy was the result of a thorough understanding of the various principles of Marxism. â€Å"Much of Weber's own work is of course informed by a skilful application of Marx's historical method. Weber, however, used this method as a ‘heuristic principle.’ As a view of world history, Marxism seemed to him an untenable monocausal theory and thus prejudicial to an adequate reconstruction of social and historical connections.†This paper outl ines that  Weber criticized the apocalyptic social revolutionary predictions in Marx which emphasize a segmental perspective with great significance while reducing the multiplicity of casual elements to a single-factor theorem. However, Weber did not directly attack historical materialism as completely wrong, but opposed its claim if establishing a single casual sequence.  Durkheim is another social critic who made pertinent contribution to the sociological perspectives of the period.